Eswatini National Cancer Control Unit

Commontly Asked Questions

What are the common signs and symptoms of cancer?
Abnormal growth of cells can lead to change in functioning and appearance of any body cell. Not all abnormal cells or growths are cancerous, but they all need to be assessed.
  • change in bowel movement  or change in urine output
  • any unexplained bleeding,discharges
  • change in colour,size of warts ,scars
  • unexplained voice hoarseness
  • any growths or unhealing sores
  • any unexplained tiredness, bone aches.
What are the risk factors for developing cancer?
Any elements that have a potential of being a carcinogene can cause cancer;
  • modifiable (infections, substance use (alcoholi, tobacco), sedetary lifestyle-scanty physical activity, dietary intake, environmental pollution)
  • non-modifiable (age, gender, hereditary and genetics, autoimmune disorders, race)
How can cancer be prevented?

Cancer prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, staying physically active, protecting yourself from the sun, getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, and getting regular medical screenings.

What are the different treatment options available for cancer?

Treatment options for cancer depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplant, and precision medicine.

How can I support a loved one who has been diagnosed with cancer?

You can support a loved one with cancer by being present, actively listening, offering practical help, providing emotional support, encouraging them to express their feelings, respecting their decisions, and educating yourself about their specific type of cancer.

Are there screening tests available for early detection of cancer?

Yes, there are various screening tests available for early detection of cancers such as mammograms for breast cancer, Pap smears for cervical cancer, colonoscopies for colorectal cancer, and PSA tests for prostate cancer, among others.

What are the latest advancements in cancer research?

Some recent advancements in cancer research include personalized medicine, immunotherapy, targeted therapies, liquid biopsies, gene editing technologies like CRISPR, and advancements in early detection methods.

How can I get involved in raising awareness and supporting cancer patients?

You can get involved by volunteering at cancer organizations, participating in fundraising events, spreading awareness through social media, advocating for cancer research funding, and providing support to cancer patients and their families.

What resources are available for cancer patients and their families?

Resources for cancer patients and their families include support groups, counseling services, financial assistance programs, caregiver support programs, educational materials, online forums, and access to healthcare professionals.

How can I cope with a cancer diagnosis, either as a patient or a caregiver?

Coping with a cancer diagnosis involves seeking support from loved ones and professionals, maintaining a positive outlook, educating yourself about the disease, practicing self-care, staying organized with appointments and treatments, and expressing your emotions.