Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, unusual vaginal discharge, and urinary symptoms. However, early-stage cervical cancer may not present any symptoms.

Cervical cancer is typically diagnosed through a Pap smear, HPV test, colposcopy, biopsy, and imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to determine the extent of the cancer.

HPV infection (90% of cancer are hpv related), multiple sexual partners (direct, indirect), substance abuse (tobacco), genetics.

Routine screening for all sexually exposed, reducing multiple sexual partners, prompt treatment of stis, treatment & management of chronic and immunosuppressive disorders, dietary and exercise, reduction of substance abuse.

Precancer treatment-thermocoagulation (heat) and cryotherapy (freezing), leep.

HPV testing, visual inspection under acetic acid (VIA), PAP smear.

Yes it minimizes the effects of HPV infection as body mounts an immune response. But still screening and prevention of HPV infection as an STI.

All sexually exposed women are eligible for cervical cancer screening. Depending on their Status-HIV positive is after every 1 year, HIV negative is every 2 years. Factoring in HPV vaccination, if HPV negative after.

Palliative care services immediately confirmed with cancer, survivorship groups led by Eswatini Breast and Cervical Cancer Network (EBCCN).