• Difficulty urinating or weak urine flow
• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Blood in urine or semen
• Pain in the hips, lower back, or thighs
• Erectile dysfunction

• Age (most common in men over 50)
• Family history of prostate or breast cancer
• Being of African descent
• A diet high in red meat or high-fat dairy products

• A PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test to measure PSA levels.
• A digital rectal exam (DRE) to check for prostate abnormalities.
• If these tests are abnormal, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men in Eswatini and worldwide. Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes.

• Active surveillance for low-risk cases
• Surgery (prostatectomy) to remove the prostate
• Radiation therapy
• Hormone therapy to reduce or block testosterone, which fuels cancer growth
• Chemotherapy for advanced cancer

• Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Limit intake of red meat and high-fat dairy products.
• Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight.
• Get regular screenings, especially if you have a family history of prostate cancer.

In Eswatini, men aged 50 and above are encouraged to get screened. However, if you have a family history of prostate cancer or other risk factors, you may need to start earlier (around age 45). It's important to discuss screening with your healthcare provider.

The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in your blood. While it is a helpful tool for detecting prostate cancer early, elevated PSA levels can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as an enlarged prostate or infection. Your doctor will interpret your PSA results alongside other tests.

The survival rate for prostate cancer is high if caught early. For men with localized prostate cancer, the 5-year survival rate is nearly 100%. However, survival rates decrease if the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, making early detection crucial.

Yes, prostate cancer can return after treatment, particularly if it was aggressive or advanced. Regular follow-up appointments and PSA testing are essential for monitoring any recurrence.

The Eswatini Cancer Unit offers screening, diagnostic services, treatment options, and support for prostate cancer patients. You can also access counselling, patient navigation services, and community awareness programs. Speak with your healthcare provider to learn more about available resources.

Family members can offer emotional support, assist with doctor’s visits, and help manage treatment side effects. Encouraging a healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining open communication about concerns can also help.